Joint Swelling: Causes, Symptoms, and Ayurvedic Treatment

The initial step in understanding joint swelling and pain treatment is understanding why joints become swollen. In Ayurveda, the condition of swelling in the joints refers most often to a build-up of Ama (toxins) in the body and an imbalance in Kapha dosha, sometimes with a build-up of Vata dosha as well. When Kapha and Vata dosha are out of balance, there may be pain, stiffness, and limited movement of the joints. The following are some of the common causes of swelling in the joints:

• Injuries or trauma – A fall or trauma can cause sprains, fractures, or torn ligaments. The joint naturally will swell as a protective reflex to limit movement. 
• Infection – Infections may cause swelling in the joint, such as in septic arthritis, which shows up as redness, swelling, and at times, fever. Many infections may need swift medical intervention. 
• Rheumatoid arthritis – An autoimmune condition in which the body mistakenly attacks its joints. This leads to long-term swelling, stiffness, and pain. 
• Osteoarthritis – Cartilage that cushions the joints degrades, often with age, which leads to the joint bones rubbing against each other, leading to swelling and pain in the joints.
• Gout – Having excess uric acid in the body can cause sudden and sharp pain and swelling, usually in the big toe or knee.
• Bursitis or tendonitis – These involve inflammation in the fluid-filled sacs (bursae) or tendons around joints, and they can make the area feel swollen and sore.
• Knee effusion – Also known as “water on the knee,” this condition involves excess fluid buildup. Knee effusion recovery time can vary—some people recover in days, others may need several weeks, depending on what’s behind it.