Osteoarthritis, a condition where “osteo” refers to bone and “arthritis” to joint inflammation, affects the articular joints. These joints consist of two bones connected by ligaments and covered by an articular capsule with secretory epithelium. The bony ends are cushioned by cartilage that acts as a buffer, while the secretory epithelium produces a lubricant to reduce friction during movement. In load-bearing joints like the knee or hip, factors such as trauma, disease, or autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis can inflame the epithelium, reducing lubricant secretion. This leads to swelling, pain, and joint deformity, potentially resulting in calcification over time.